6月26日美國同志歡慶之下的另一個聲音：“我為什麼反對婚權平等運動”

此文章發表於苦勞網的連結

當許許多多的美國人歡慶著美國最高法院在二十六日上午，宣判柯林頓執政時期的Defense of Marriage Act違反平等權而違憲，代表著同性伴侶婚姻應享有聯邦層級上與異性戀婚姻伴侶相同的權利，美國酷兒左派反對婚姻權本身的保守性聲音仍持續抗爭著這不是同志運動的終點，我們該去審視婚姻權和資本主義關係的本質，究竟在整個婚權運動的「平等」口號假象之下，哪些族群和關係又被再度犧牲和邊緣化。文章中作者強調著他並不反對婚姻提供的權利本身，而是整個運動的進程和方向，如同文章中提到，婚權可提供的只是「可以解決短期問題的短程方法」。

原文的筆者是一名長期關注酷兒經濟正義，包含監獄和司法正義系統、人身安全（健康保險、遠離暴力的自由），以及貧窮（住屋權、收入，等等）的行動主義者。酷兒和跨性別者，尤其是我們之中的有色人種不成比例地受到這方面的迫害，作者強調婚姻權不是一個處理酷兒以及整體經濟正義方面適當的方法。

以下為我做的原文節錄翻譯：

「我對於婚權平等運動有兩大問題：一、這整個行動花費了大筆的經費、精力、以及關注，將焦點從更重要更急迫的議題上完全轉移開來。（有時候是直接的轉移，例如加州花費了美金四千三百萬在反對八號提案[註：又稱為Prop 8，加州政府的法條將婚姻限制於一男一女之間] 上，當八千五百萬的HIV/AIDS服務金費被削減。有時候是更微妙的，例如許多我認識的異性戀都會用他們對於同志婚姻的贊同來表達他們和我的盟友關係[allyship]）。二、婚權運動的策略積極地與酷兒經濟正義的運動對抗，將資本主義、有意義的移民改革、以及性／別顛覆從討論中完全地移除。

讓我們放下情緒一會，去思考合法的婚姻是為了要囤積你的財產，這是它歷史上主要存在的原因，也是為什麼在現代你可以被獎勵減少納稅金額和共享利益（或者失去它們如果你貧窮的話）。並且，無論收入多少，你被政府（和社會大眾）鼓勵將你的財產鎖在核心家庭之內，而不去分享給任何其他你不喜歡的人（我是說真的—停止去想“愛”一秒看看。）

當然，關於婚姻的承諾是非常非常真實的—尤其是對於那些差一些些掉在最高階級之外的人來說。它可以幫助其中那些去保留住他們已經擁有的—這就是被設計這麼做的。我從來都不會不去承認婚姻可以提供給一些貧困的、勞工階級、和中產階級人們的實際的，物質的利益，我也不是在批判個人對於是否要去利用這些利益的選擇，基本上我贊同人們該擁有他們需要的東西，用短程的解決方法來處理短期的問題。

這篇文章真正的主題，不是關於個人，而是婚權平等運動，它的核心問題是它對於其他的解決方法沒有一點興趣。婚權平等運動，像是婚姻制度本身，是一個讓我們無視政府拒絕去建立可持續發展的社會福利和公共利益機制的關注轉移—婚權平等運動正在抄襲著這個步驟，一步一步地奪走所有的運動資金。這是我為什麼對於大部份的民主黨員／自由主義者／進步者在這議題上感到很不耐煩，即使他們強調我們是站在同一條路上只是在不同的階段。只是因為有一些人會得到一些錢，並不代表一個針對這件事的全國性運動就是一個經濟正義的運動。它是一個單線思考邏輯的陷阱，跟從它就像是在一場經濟危機之中蓋新的大廈—結果是，大部分的事情都有一面以上的對抗勢力，而你敵人的敵人並不一定就是你的朋友。

婚權平等運動口號、形象、以及行銷模式的主流化並不是一個巧合，這是我對於它的另一個問題，這個運動刻意地並惡意地排擠許多的酷兒和他們的文化，尤其是跨性別和性別不遵循者[gender non-conforming]、貧窮酷兒、和在傳統家庭之外的酷兒。這個運動將接受度和公民權的條件變得更白人化、傳宗接代、並且性別遵循，忽視對於酷兒和跨性者的自由和權力更大的威脅：如果你無法被視作是異性戀和性別遵循，那麼我們就是值得被暴力、囚禁、和死亡處置。最近加入婚姻運動的保守者，利用這個運動抵抗單親家長、移民家庭，和其他的社群（有時候，你敵人的新朋友…正是你應該視為朋友的人）。

總而言之，我為什麼反對婚權運動：婚姻在一個階級戰爭的時期提倡囤積個人財物，婚姻認為不結婚的人是違反常態的並且不值得擁有公民權，婚姻甚至不知道兩百三十多萬的美國人正被監禁著。

最後，我要對於一個耳熟能詳支持婚姻的聲明做出回應：婚姻是一個重要的媒介讓大家能對其他LGBT議題有所意識，讓所有LGBT的人都得到一隻小馬和一台意大利濃縮咖啡機，等等。

第一，它真的不是，這運動針對許多酷兒和跨性別者將他們排擠在外，又行銷一種非常狹隘的接受條件，並且，“我認為那兩個看起來像是Anders[筆者名字]的男子應該有權利可以結婚”，和“我認為長期無家可歸的跨性女子應該被給予美金兩千元所以她們可以當我的鄰居”這兩個聲明，並沒有任何直接的關聯。我認為對於前者的接受反而增強了對於後者的排外。

另外，婚權解決後將會“回頭來“處理酷兒經濟議題的承諾，是非常侮辱這運動當中已經投入于這些問題行動者的。它也是一個看似漂亮的小謊言，因為要讓有階級特權的人將貧窮的議題作為優先，從來都不是容易的。事實上，地區貴族化[gentrification]的力量，只會隨著你白人中產階級家庭的合法化而越來越強壯。如果你的藉口是你只剩下幾件事在你的清單上必須處理，那麼我希望你承認我們完全在不同的邏輯上。坦白說，讓我最失望的一個分歧是，婚權運動者甚至看不見我們之中有一個分歧。這不只是一個政治計畫的問題，而是哲學和分析的問題，沒有這些，政治計劃是沒有意義的。」


原文"Why I Oppose Marriage Equality"連結：

http://azanichkowsky.wordpress.com/2013/06/26/why-i-oppose-marriage-equality/

Post-racial soceity? That is white liberals' myth

A climate of campus racism
UCSD & UCLA sit in/occupation
Open Letter to White Student Movement

It turns out that the white supremacists hang out in UC San Diego. Maybe it's because I have been in Seattle for too long, this passive-aggressive city where racism is more subtle, it's hard for me to imagine some people can do such outrageously racist acts near a university campus. But this incident also shows how oppressed people united quickly to respond to the violence. The Black Students Union occupied an administrative building soon after the incident and put out demands for racial justice on campus. Anti-budget cuts activists from UCLA, UC Irvine, and UC Berkeley soon responded by organizing solidarity actions on their campus. March 4th the National Day of Action to Defend Education is coming up. It seems like the movement has a potential to move away from the white liberal occupationist/dance party tendency to a mass movement for racial, gender, and economic justice. As people of color involving in the work that has been dominated by showy white men, we need to keep our demands and presence front and center. The struggle cannot be a mass movement if we don't engage or outreach to women, people of color, queer folks, and folks with disabilities. History has erased us thousands of times and we cannot tolerate to let it happen again.

My choice to live a queer life- yes, i said choice!

Some mainstream gay rights advocates are looking for a "gay gene" that determines homosexuality to argue that "gay people are born this way" or "god created us this way" in order to get equal rights. To me, it's the most defeated and sloppiest way to talk about queerness. I've known my attration toward women since i was 13 and definitely had displayed some typical "tomboyish" pattern while i was growing up. But if people ask me if queerness is biological or or choice, i would no doubt saying that it's my choice.

Desire is such a complicated human behavior to be reduced to one simple gene, one trait, or one dispositional theory. Even personality theorists cannot claim that some overt behavioral patterns such as agression are genetic consequences. How can they talk about queerness as a purely genetic cause? When our communities have the most complex and creative identities- fagdyke, boygirl, MSM, bidyke, heteroflexible - the list goes on, it is too boring and unspectful to say, all of us are just doomed to be gay because we were born this way. Was i born as a fagdyke? I highly doubt it. I mean, my genetic disposition- if it did exist -would be more like a bottom gay boy than a fagdyke. Desire is not just an impulse of who you wanna fuck, who you wanna cuddle with at night, or who you will most likely hit on after 3 drinks on Saturday night in a bar. Desire is how we are socialized to display outselves, to attract others, to be turned on by certain body types or tones of voice, to feel comfortable having sex with, to choose a career, to be drawn to different kinds of activities, to decide who to vote for, to deal with our family in a particular way, to mkae friends with what type of people, to decide if a long walk on the beach or taking your short off in a sweaty noisy punk-rock concert is more of your thing, to have certain politics. Desire is absolutely more than a fuck, a gender, a personality trait of how feminine/masculine you are. Desire is a complicated cognitive decision process that is too hot to be explained as one dead gene.

When i came out to my mom (unsucessfully) few years ago, she asked me if it's biological or what. I actually told her it's more of less my own personal choice. Maybe genes have to do with how sharp my jaw lines or how small my boobs are, but being with women and identifying as queer are definitely a more thoughtful decision for me than an uncotrollable impulse. Of course Mom didn't buy it and thought i was just not trying hard enough to fuck men. But i felt good to come out this way and not pretend to be a victim to seek tolerance. Maybe it is because i have had the privileges to choose my queerness and not be bashed to death in the streets so far, but just like everything else in my life, i take the full consequences of it but also make the best out of it. I would argue too, heterosexuality is not something natural, a genetic disposition, a human reproductive instinct or whatever. Heteroseuxlity is a choice just like how queerness is a choice. The differnce is that the society makes it easier for people to choose to be heterosexul and once you block out every other queer option, they give you a whole lifetime hetero pacakge for FREE.

To me being queer is to identity with the struggles with everyone who is oppressed, restrainted, ostracized, kicked out of home. Being queer is to break all borders that prohibit us from connecting with one another. Being queer is to be ready to fight for a kind of liberaiton that's not only for those white gay men whose only regret of their lives are not being able to marry the men they want, but to fight for a kind of liberaion that overthrows white supremacy- and look fierce while we are doing it.